Influence of Material Properties of Reinforced Concrete Element on Acoustic Emission due to Corrosion

The material properties of reinforce concrete (RC) influence the corrosion process of steel rebar and subsequent cracking of concrete. This paper investigates the influence of material properties on acoustic emission (AE) due to corrosion of rebar in concrete. RC cylinders with various cover thickness to rebar diameter ratios (C/D), cement types and steel types were studied to identify their influence on cumulative signal strength (CSS) of AE technique. The result of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant effect of steel type on CSS values due to corrosion followed by cement type, whereas C/D has no significant effect

Usual Tumor at an Unusual Site - A Leiomyoma Masquerading as a Urethral Polyp.

Polyps and papillomas encompass the most common benign tumors of the urethra.Leiomyoma of urethra is a rare clinical entity which can be diagnosed only with histopathological examination and only around 35 such cases have been reported worldwide

Assessment of HIV-TB co-infection in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients and their correlation with CD4 and viral load

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) constitute a major burden of infectious diseases in India. TB is the most common opportunistic infection and a leading cause of death among HIV positive patients. This study was conducted to assess the HIV–TB co-infection in newly diagnosed HIV patients and correlate co-infection with CD4 and viral load (VL). Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out from January 2021 to June 2022 at ART center of a tertiary care hospital. Screening for TB was done by GeneXpert and Radiology. These patients were monitored for absolute CD4 count by flow cytometer and VL by Real time PCR. Results: Among 380 newly diagnosed HIV patients screened, 94 (24.70%) had HIV-TB coinfection. Of these, 42 (44.6%) were pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 52 (55.3%) were extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) of 42 patients with PTB, 31 (73.80%) were microbiologically confirmed by GeneXpert whereas of 52 patients with EPTB, 33 (63.46%) were diagnosed clinically and radio-logically. Of 94 patients, only 55 patients could be followed up further at 6 months. Of 55 patients, 33 (60%) had CD4 count <350 cells/mm3 and 2 (3.6%) had baseline VL≥1000 copies/ml. 46.80% patients completed their anti-tubercular treatment. Conclusions: EPTB was more as compared to PTB. Co-infection was more with low CD4 counts. Hence, CD4 test can be used as a good immunological marker in co-infection. The study highlights the need of periodic screening of newly diagnosed HIV patients for TB and their monitoring for CD4 and VL

Effecacy of Kadali Kshara Sutra in the Management of Bhagandara (Fistula-In-Ano) - A Case Report

Bhagandara (Fistula in ano) is a common anorectal condition prevalent world wide, and its prevalence is second highest after Arshas (Haemorrhoids). Kshara Karma is a one of the parasurgical procedure in Ayurveda. In this study Palasha Kshara Sutra is used in Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano). Though, Apamarga Kshara Sutra is highly effective in the management of Fistula-in-ano. But pain, irritation, difficulty in preparation has limited its use. Thus, various type of Kshara Sutra tried with their efficacy in different angle. In this present study effort will be made to define the probable mode of action of Palasha Kshara Sutra prepared in Arka Ksheera in Fistula-in-Ano. This is equally effective with less pain and easy to prepare because a single plant is enough and not a seasonal plant. A 56 yr old male presented with complaints of painful swelling with pus discharge in the anal region since 1 week has been presented here

Brown adipose tissue in the buccal fat pad during infancy.

BackgroundThe buccal fat pad (BFP) is an encapsulated mass of adipose tissue thought to enhance the sucking capabilities of the masticatory muscles during infancy. To date, no conclusive evidence has been provided as to the composition of the BFP in early postnatal life.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine whether the BFP of neonates and infants is primarily composed of white adipose tissue (WAT) or brown adipose tissue (BAT).Materials and methodsThe percentage of fat in the BFP in 32 full-term infants (16 boys and 16 girls), aged one day to 10.6 months, was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) determinations of fat fraction.ResultsBFP fat fraction increased with age (r = 0.67; P<.0001) and neonates had significantly lower values when compared to older infants; 72.6 ± 9.6 vs. 91.8 ± 2.4, P<.0001. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the age-dependent relationship persisted after accounting for gender, gestational age, and weight percentile (P = .001). Two subjects (aged one and six days) depicted a change in the MRI characteristics of the BFP from primarily BAT to WAT at follow-up examinations two to six weeks later, respectively. Histological post-mortem studies of a 3 day and 1.1 month old revealed predominantly BAT and WAT in the BFP, respectively.ConclusionThe BFP is primarily composed of BAT during the first weeks of life, but of WAT thereafter. Studies are needed to investigate the contributions of BAT in the BFP to infant feeding and how it is altered by postnatal nutrition

Chronic recurrent non-specific parotitis: a case report and review

Background: Chronic recurrent non-specific parotitis is characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling and pain of unknown etiology in the parotid gland. Sialography is a hallmark in the diagnosis of salivary gland disorders; newer imaging modalities like CT-Sialography, sialoendoscopy and MRI can be used. Various treatment modalities have been tried, from conservative approach to surgical excision depending on the recurrence rate and severity of the condition. Although symptomatic treatment with antibiotics and analgesic, injection of intraductal medicament, aggressive treatment like duct ligation or excision of gland are some of the treatment modalities, there is no established algorithm as to which treatment method should be opted in such clinical situation.Case Detail: A 20 years old male patient reported with pain and salty taste in the mouth that had began before a week. Examination revealed an elevated right parotid papilla; ropy, cloudy appearing saliva was oozing out on milking the gland. Unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rate was assessed using drooling method. Sialography was used as a diagnostic and a therapeutic aid. In our case, sialography as a treatment showed a good response with no recurrence after two years of follow-up. We highlighted the role of sialography as a therapeutic aid.Conclusion: Recurrent attacks significantly affect the quality of life and also lead to progressive gland destruction. Preventing or reducing the frequency of recurrence remains the goal of therapeutic procedure. Hence, conventional sialography is useful in the diagnosis and also effective as a therapeutic aid in recurrent parotitis.Keywords: Chronic recurrent Parotitis, Non specific Parotitis, Sialograph

Serum Electrolyte Status and Liver Functions in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

ABSTRACT The menstrual cycle is characterized by cyclical fluctuations in the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone. But the changes occur in serum electrolyte level and liver functions have not been clearly established. To compare the serum electrolyte level and liver functions in different phases of menstrual cycle.The present study was carried out on 92 healthy female medical students in the age group of 18 to 23years with normal menstrual cycle of 27-33 days. Serum electrolytes like, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and liver function parameters like total protein, albumin and globulin levels were estimated during menstrual, Proliferative and Secretory phases of menstrual cycle using standard procedures. There was a nonsignificant changes in the level of serum calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium in different phases of menstrual cycle and total protein, albumin and globulin levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. (P<0.05). Nonsignificant variation in Serum electrolytes during various phases of menstrual cycle may be due to the effect of estrogen and changes in liver function may be due to the influence of progesterone during menstrual cycle

Intelligent Note to Coin Exchanger with Fake Note Detection

Nowadays, people are doing transaction digitally, but still in some rural areas people are using hard cash for transaction .Use of coins has been increased more instead of note in various places like bus station, railway station, shopping malls, temples, coin based water system etc. It is very difficult for common people in getting coins. To provide the solution for above mentioned problem, a system is designed. One mechanical machine that is intelligent note to coin exchanger with fake note detection. In proposed system, where when user enters the note, first it will check whether entered note is real or fake using UV rays, if note is real then it will take inside for further process and camera will take its picture, by calculating number of pixels using image processing; it will calculate the value of note, then according to the value equivalent numbers of coins will be dispensed. In this way, this system will help common people to have easy day to day life